Mandibulectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of part or all of the mandible, or lower jawbone. This surgery is primarily performed to treat or manage conditions affecting the mandible, such as aggressive tumors, severe infections, or extensive trauma. It is most commonly indicated for cancers of the oral cavity, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, where the cancerous growth necessitates the removal of affected portions of the mandible to ensure complete excision and reduce the risk of recurrence. The extent of mandibulectomy can vary from a partial mandibulectomy, which removes a section of the mandible, to a total mandibulectomy, which involves the removal of the entire mandible. This procedure may also require reconstructive surgery to restore function and appearance, often involving grafts or prosthetics. While mandibulectomy can be crucial for controlling malignancies or treating severe conditions, it is associated with several potential complications. These can include infection, non-healing of surgical wounds, and difficulties with speech, chewing, and swallowing due to the loss of jaw structure. Patients may also experience pain, facial asymmetry, and changes in facial appearance. Additionally, the procedure can impact the ability to wear dentures or other prosthetics, requiring adjustments or replacements. Effective post-operative care and rehabilitation are essential to address these complications and help patients regain functionality and improve quality of life following the surgery.
